Hello, I am interrupting my current series on Yin and Yang etc to respond to a post on our Facebook page.
If you practice these counters, or the wrist lock, be cooperative to begin with until you have the feel of it. Remember to tap out when it hurts, I suggest 1 tap for its on, 2 for thats enough. Joints, bones, and muscles etc can easily be damaged by unskilled over-enthusiastic practice, be gentle, be safe, gradually increase the resistance to each other as you learn, I would suggest over months, rather than hours. If you have to force any Chin Na technique, or counter technique, you haven't got it right, go back to the beginning and pay attention to the principles,  above all, have fun.

The video below was shot in about 15 minutes without rehearsal,  we somewhat rushed editing, and we had to make it small so it would fit, I hope its helpful. Have fun.
See the video here.

For the intermediate practitioner there are a number of additional ways to enliven forms practice, and avoid double weighting. Obviously you have the options mentioned in the previous instalment, but there are a number of other options, which require more or less sophistication from the practitioner.

Analysing the form from the perspective of the 13 tactics.

In particular the 8 powers of the upper body, but also the five steps (or processes if you prefer) are a useful way to increase your understanding of what action is being reproduced in your form. For example if you can see the way that Peng and Lu interchange, or that An is followed by Ji in a technique, it provides an obvious focus for your practice. These later techniques occur in just that sequence in Grasping birds tail, so providing an easy and obvious correlation, other techniques require more thought and imagination to produce an analysis through the 13 tactics.

Of course the stumbling block is that the techniques of the form may be representative of several differing applications, almost none of which will be a direct translation of all of the movements as they are shown in the form.  A slight hurdle also exists if one doesn’t remember that the weight or energy is seldom emitted equally in both hands at the same time. If you need more clarification on that point, re-read the earlier articles in this series.

Another useful method is :

Observing  the process of the first principle within your own body. 
For those of you who have not studied with me, do not have a copy of my book ‘WuDang Tai Chi Chuan’ or who have forgotten, I will reiterate that the first principle of Tai Chi Chuan is ‘Tai Chi’: in other words the interaction of Yin and Yang.  In this instance it is absolutely imperative that you have raised your awareness to a level where you are able to observe the state of tone, and the action of the body, and, that you are working with a sufficient level of tone and relaxation accordingly. It is not uncommon in the Nei Jia circles to hear the front of the torso described as Yang, and the back Yin, similarly the outside and inside of the limbs respectively. Whilst this may be a convenient and simple classification it is perhaps over simplistic to be of much help in deepening awareness of the way the body is used in the form.  More effective is observing the relative actions of complementary muscles initially in the limbs, and later throughout the whole body, as you perform the movements.

To begin this practice, it is helpful to take a small section of form, and repeat it, observing first the action of one set of muscles in a limb, then the opposing set. When you remember that all muscles work by the simple action of contraction, or lengthening in harmony with their antagonist counterpart, it becomes a simple deduction to realise that excessive tension in one part, the bicep for example, reduces the ease with which its counterpart, the tricep, can extend the arm, thus reducing both the speed and force generated. When we use the body in Tai Chi chuan we aim to use the whole body to generate the force behind every technique. This requires that whole chains of muscles operate sympathetically and sequentially to execute every technique, and that the corresponding counterparts are relaxed so as not to hinder the potential. The fantastic by-product of this process, is that it makes the act of listening and responding to energy easier, clearer, and faster to adapt, all essential to advanced Tai Chi Chuan practice in all aspects of training. By adopting this method of practice consistently in some of your training, you will deepen your awareness of how the actions of the muscles spiral around the body to produce a technique, and truly marvel at a thousand miracles.

Part 5  will cover advance practice.
Good training !

Double weighting is referred to as a sin in Tai Chi Chuan because the fundamental principle upon which the art is based involves the interaction of Yin and Yang.  Failing to distinguish the weight in the legs, impedes the speed of your reactive stepping, whether evading or following up. This is easy to understand, just as the differing actions of the hands/arms in the applications and pushing hands are also comparatively obvious. Yet for some people there is still the difficulty of how to translate the process of distinguishing weight in the hands, to form practice. There are many reasons why this can happen and almost as many answers, here are some:

For a beginner, the simplest way to incorporate a distinction in the way the hands are used in the form, and elevate it from the mere physical reproduction of an ideal posture, is to simply visualise an appropriate application for the movement as you perform it. The more detail you can visualise and the better your understanding of the application, the better your practice will be. Furthermore because you are visualising distinctive actions with your whole body, your circulation of Qi will be better, remember the Yi (intention) leads the Qi, so visualising the action of intercepting and deflecting with one hand will lead the Qi in one way, punching in another.

Of course this requires that the beginner has a clear understanding of the applications, something that some find difficult as they expect the application to mirror the movement of the form exactly.  Generally this misconception that the application and the form should be the same, arises from not realising that the application was created first, and the form was developed as a way to teach some of the skills, and coordination required by the application, other skills are taught in other aspects of the syllabus; through push hands, Nei Gong, conditioning, meditation, and discussion.

In some schools the fact that a teacher has not practiced realistic applications is obvious from the fact that they can only reproduce an application from a set up, and that when reproducing the form as an application they do not take account of seemingly obvious things such as leaving an opening in front of an opponents unguarded hand, or leaving a leg where it will obviously be trodden on or fallen on if the technique happens to be successful.  Such situations often occur where the martial tradition has become separated from the form practice and someone attempts to re introduce something, happily, this is not the case with WuDang.

A similar difficulty arises when a correctly taught application is practiced incorrectly, this usually has two causes:

•  A student either does not understand the basic components of the application, and can not distinguish Yin and yang in the action. 
  
•  In the act of practice, aspects of the student personality, fear, aggression, desire to succeed etc, interfere with the correct application of the components of a technique.

The solution to both causes are focus and attention during the many aspects of training, often problematic for those who only wish to relax, or get fitter through their Tai Chi. Advancement in the internal martial arts is achieved through a great deal of focused study and practice, of all aspects.

In the position above, both arms are expressing Qi in different ways, the right arm is feeling the speed and direction of an incoming blow, whilst turning the wrist and waist simultaneously deflects the blow and moves the target, allowing the body to reflect that energy and return it through the leading edge of the left hand.

The energy of the right hand is following the Peng pathway while the energy in the left is executing a form of Ji depending on the angle and application visualised.  Although both arms might be seen to be expanding when analysed independently, observation of the whole body principle clearly shows that the action of the waist, informed by the information received from the deflecting arm causes one to be withdrawing, whilst the other is expanding into the opponents energy field. You can clearly observe the differing state of tone in the muscles of each hand and arm.

Part Four will discuss the perspective of an intermediate practitioner.

Yin and Yang are also present in the hands, having the weight in both legs is called the ‘Sin of double weighted-ness’ in the Tai Chi Classics, because it delays, or inhibits movement, Similarly in the hands, we do not deliver equal amounts of force through both hands at the same time. When one hand pushes the other stabilises, pulls or waits, one lifts up the other presses down, this is why in the ‘empty hand’ forms the hands are so often facing in opposite directions.

When we make a strong counter attack (Yang) we must always be ready to change technique and avoid over commitment. When we are defending (Yin) we may be soft or even avoid contact, but when challenged our defence must be able to withstand pressure, thus we hold the Yin within the Yang and the Yang within the Yin, just like the Tai Chi symbol.

1.    Yin and Yang are opposite and complimentary.
2.    Yin is comparatively passive, receptive, introvert, soft.
3.    Yang is comparatively active, expressive, extrovert, hard.
4.    In Tai Chi we hold the Yin within the Yang and vice versa.
5.    In the stances the limb with the potential for movement is Yang.
6.    The hands must balance Yin and yang.
   

Avoid the ‘sin’ of double weighting in the hands and the legs and your practice of form, pushing hands, and applications will improve.   
Good practice!
Keith